Chapter 2: The Structure and Beliefs of Scientology

The Church of Scientology is characterized by a distinct organizational structure that reflects its unique beliefs and practices. At the core of Scientology's hierarchy is the concept of spiritual advancement, which is facilitated through a meticulously organized system of levels and positions that guide members on their journey toward enlightenment. This hierarchy serves not only to maintain order within the church but also to reinforce the commitment of its followers to the teachings of L. Ron Hubbard.

Central to the beliefs of Scientology is the process of auditing, a form of spiritual counseling that is considered essential for personal development. Auditing involves a trained auditor guiding a member through a series of questions and prompts aimed at uncovering and addressing past traumas, termed "engrams," that the church believes hinder spiritual growth. The auditor employs a device known as the E-meter, which measures the electrical resistance of the body and is said to help locate these engrams. This process is typically seen as a pivotal experience for members, as it promises clarity and resolution of emotional burdens, thereby enabling them to progress through the various levels of Scientology known as the Operating Thetan (OT) levels.

The role of Church officials is also critical in maintaining the structure and beliefs of Scientology. The leadership hierarchy is comprised of various positions, from parishioners to high-ranking officials such as the Executive Director and the Board of Directors, who oversee the church's operations worldwide. Church officials are tasked with ensuring that the teachings of Hubbard are adhered to and that the processes of auditing and training are conducted effectively. This hierarchical structure fosters a sense of community, as members rely on one another and on church leadership for guidance, validation, and support.

The teachings of Scientology extend beyond auditing into a broader philosophical framework that includes the concept of the "thetan," as discussed in the previous chapter. This belief in the thetan as the true spiritual essence of individuals creates a foundation for members to view themselves as capable and powerful beings. The church promotes the idea that through its practices, individuals can attain higher states of consciousness and ultimately achieve spiritual freedom. This promise of personal empowerment is deeply compelling, particularly for those seeking meaning and purpose in their lives.

Additionally, the Church of Scientology emphasizes the importance of community and group engagement. Members are encouraged to participate in various training programs and courses designed to deepen their understanding of Hubbard's teachings and to foster camaraderie among followers. Events such as the annual Scientology celebration, known as the IAS (International Association of Scientologists) event, bring together members from around the world to celebrate achievements and reinforce a sense of belonging. These gatherings serve not only to motivate members but also to solidify their loyalty to the church and its leadership.

Another noteworthy aspect of Scientology's structure is the concept of "disconnection," a policy that encourages members to sever ties with individuals deemed to be suppressive persons (SPs) or those who criticize the church. This practice can lead to significant emotional and social repercussions for members, as it often results in the loss of relationships with family and friends who are viewed as obstacles to their spiritual growth. The enforcement of disconnection exemplifies the church's commitment to maintaining a loyal and cohesive community, even at the expense of personal connections outside the church.

Scientology's organizational structure and beliefs are also reflected in its extensive use of technology and media to disseminate information and recruit new members. The church employs a range of marketing strategies, including online courses, public events, and outreach programs, to expand its reach and influence. These efforts are designed to attract individuals who may be searching for spiritual fulfillment or personal development, further enhancing the church's growth potential.

Engagement with the media has also been a contentious aspect of Scientology's public image. The church has faced numerous criticisms and allegations regarding its practices, which it often addresses through strategic public relations campaigns. These efforts aim to control the narrative surrounding Scientology and to mitigate any negative portrayals that could affect its reputation. The church's response to criticism often includes legal action, which underscores its commitment to protecting its beliefs and organizational integrity.

To illustrate the impact of this structure and set of beliefs, one might consider the case of a high-profile Scientologist, such as Tom Cruise. His involvement in the church has not only elevated its visibility but has also exemplified the church's ability to leverage celebrity influence for recruitment and public relations. Cruise's passionate defense of Scientology has helped shape the public perception of the church, framing it as a legitimate and positive force in the lives of its members.

The unique organizational hierarchy and belief system of Scientology create a distinct environment for its followers, characterized by commitment, community, and personal empowerment. As members progress through the various levels of auditing and training, they become increasingly invested in the church's mission and teachings. The interplay of these beliefs and structures raises important questions about the nature of community, loyalty, and the lengths to which individuals will go in pursuit of spiritual fulfillment. How do the dynamics of such a structured belief system impact personal relationships and individual identities within and outside the church?